Diet and nutrition in pulmonary fibrosis

In this webinar, Christie Emsley, Accredited Practising Dietician, shares her expert knowledge on the role of diet and nutrition in the management of your lung condition, as well as how to manage medication side effects including weight loss and weight gain.

The webinar highlights the importance of a balanced diet and individualised nutrition plans. Although research on nutrition in pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is limited, principles from other lung conditions like COPD are applied.

Common comorbidities in PF include reflux, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes, which require specific dietary recommendations. Key focus areas are reducing excess weight, managing side effects, and preventing malnutrition. Body Mass Index (BMI) is used to assess weight, with a healthy BMI being 18.5 to 24.9. Maintaining a BMI under 30 is crucial as higher BMI can reduce lung function and increase shortness of breath.

To reduce excess weight, a combination of diet and resistance training is recommended. Reducing intake of energy-dense foods like deep-fried items, pastries, and sugary drinks is essential. The Australian Dietary Guidelines suggest a balanced intake of vegetables, fruits, meats, dairy, and grains. A portion plate can help manage food intake, with half the plate filled with non-starchy vegetables, a quarter with carbohydrates, and a quarter with protein.

Managing side effects like breathlessness, dry mouth, and fatigue involves eating soft, moist foods and staying hydrated. For those on steroids, following a healthy diet and regular exercise is important to avoid weight gain and manage blood glucose levels. Anti-fibrotic medications may cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, which can be managed with small, frequent meals and avoiding strong-smelling foods.

Preventing malnutrition is vital as it impacts muscle mass and overall health. Eating small, frequent meals, choosing full-fat products, and prioritising protein intake can help. If weight loss persists, supplement drinks and consulting a dietitian are recommended. Monitoring weight and strength regularly is crucial for managing PF effectively.