Overview

Respiratory infections affect the nose, throat, sinuses, airways and lungs. Most infections are caused by viruses, with bacteria and fungi causing some. Staying up-to-date with vaccinations is the best protection. Avoiding sick people, practicing good hygiene and maintaining a healthy lifestyle also helps.

Influenza

Influenza is caused by a virus. It spreads from person to person through tiny droplets when someone coughs or sneezes and through hand-to-hand contact. We might often call a common cold a ‘flu’, but this is usually incorrect. The flu is much more severe.

Pneumonia

Pneumonia can affect anyone. It’s a common and serious lung infection. One of the most severe types is pneumococcal pneumonia, caused by bacteria. Read more about protection against pneumonia.

COVID-19

Coronaviruses spread through droplets and small particles in the air from an infected person. There are simple ways to help stop the spread of COVID-19 and stay well.

The common cold

The common cold is caused by a virus. Most often, it’s a virus called rhinovirus. It’s the most common contagious illness and the main reason people miss school or work.

Whooping cough (pertussis)

Whooping cough is a contagious bacterial infection that causes severe coughing fits. It’s most common in babies who haven’t been vaccinated. But adults can get it too, and it can be serious for adults with lung conditions, especially COPD.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

RSV can affect anyone. It’s a common cause of lower respiratory tract infections and can be dangerous for adults living with lung disease.

Long COVID

Long COVID is the term for health problems that persist for up to 3 months after getting a COVID-19 infection. In Australia, it’s estimated that 5-10% of people who get a COVID-19 infection will develop long COVID.