Managing Exacerbations Algorithm

“The Managing Exacerbations Algorithm by Lung Foundation Australia is a valuable resource designed to help healthcare professionals and individuals living with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) effectively manage flare-ups. COPD exacerbations, or sudden worsening of symptoms, can lead to hospitalisation, a decline in lung function, and reduced quality of life. This resource provides a step-by-step approach to recognising early warning signs, implementing timely interventions, and knowing when to seek urgent medical attention.

The resource explains that early recognition of symptoms is critical. Warning signs include increased breathlessness, persistent coughing, changes in phlegm colour or volume, fever, wheezing, and a general feeling of being unwell. At the first signs of an exacerbation, short-acting bronchodilators such as salbutamol should be used more frequently to relieve symptoms and open the airways. If symptoms continue or worsen, additional treatment may be necessary.

If there are signs of a bacterial infection, such as a change in phlegm colour and thickness, a short course of antibiotics may be required. If breathing difficulties persist, a five-day course of oral corticosteroids (e.g., prednisolone) can help reduce airway inflammation and prevent further deterioration. The algorithm also stresses the importance of medication reviews, ensuring correct inhaler techniques, and following an individualised COPD Action Plan to manage symptoms effectively.

The guide provides clear criteria for seeking medical help. Urgent hospital referral is recommended if symptoms severely worsen, including resting breathlessness, persistent low oxygen levels, chest pain, confusion, or drowsiness. People with COPD should act quickly if they experience these symptoms to prevent serious complications.

Reassessment after five days is crucial. If symptoms improve, the patient can return to their usual COPD management routine, including correct inhaler use and ongoing monitoring. If there is no improvement, a follow-up with a doctor or specialist is essential to adjust treatment and prevent further decline.

This resource is an essential COPD resource in Australia, providing practical guidance for managing COPD at home. By following the algorithm’s recommendations, healthcare professionals and individuals with COPD can take proactive steps to reduce hospitalisations, improve lung health, and maintain quality of life. Being prepared and having a clear action plan can make a significant difference in long-term COPD management and well-being.”