What is silica dust?

This video from Lung Foundation Australia provides a snapshot of what silica dust is and the risks associated with exposure to silica dust, and is suited for industries such as constructions, mining and quarrying, manufacturing and tunnelling.

Silica dust is generated when materials containing silica, such as soil, sand, granite, and engineered stone, are cut, drilled, or disturbed. This dust poses significant health risks and can lead to lung diseases including silicosis, lung cancer, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Nearly 600,000 Australian workers are currently exposed to silica dust, making awareness and prevention crucial.
Sources of Silica Dust Exposure

Silica is found in various materials, and the amount of silica varies depending on the product:

• Marble and Limestone: 2% silica
• Slate and Shale: 20-45% silica
• Granite: 20-45% silica
• Natural Sandstone: 70-95% silica
• Engineered Stone: Up to 97% silica

Common work activities that generate silica dust include excavation, earthmoving, paving, surfacing, and cutting or drilling stone, brick, and concrete—especially when performed dry. These tasks release fine silica particles into the air, which can be easily inhaled.

Health risks associated with silica dust exposure are serious and often irreversible. Inhalation of silica particles can lead to:

• Silicosis: A progressive, incurable lung disease
• Lung Cancer: Long-term exposure significantly increases risk
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A group of lung conditions that obstruct airflow
• Other Chronic Conditions: Including rheumatoid arthritis and chronic kidney disease

To reduce exposure, workplaces should implement the Hierarchy of Controls, including eliminating hazardous materials, using engineering controls like ventilation and water suppression, and providing personal protective equipment (PPE).

This resource was developed as part of Lung Foundation Australia’s annual National Silicosis Prevention and Awareness Campaign. There are more industry tailored resources that discuss silica dust, silicosis and other information on occupational lung disease. Visit Lung Foundation Australia website www.lungfoundation.com.au to find out more and access resources and support.