Genetic testing and targeted therapy

When diagnosed with lung cancer, genetic testing is crucial to understand the tumor’s biology and determine the most appropriate treatment. This testing, also known as mutation, genomic, or biomarker testing, examines biopsy cells to identify specific mutations. These mutations provide insights into the cancer’s behavior and potential targeted therapies.

Common mutations in lung cancer include EGFR, ALK, ROS1, and KRAS. Identifying these mutations is essential because they can significantly influence treatment decisions. For instance, targeted therapy is designed to attack specific cancer cells by blocking signals that promote cancer growth, preventing cells from living longer than normal, or directly destroying cancer cells. These therapies, often administered in tablet or capsule form, can be effective for months or even years. However, they may face limitations such as resistance or intolerable side effects.

If targeted therapy is unsuitable, other treatment options like chemotherapy or immunotherapy may be considered. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill rapidly dividing cancer cells, while immunotherapy boosts the body’s immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. Genetic testing also identifies biomarkers like PD-L1, which can aid in treatment decisions, particularly for immunotherapy.

Side effects of targeted therapies can include skin reactions, bowel changes, fatigue, and joint pain. It is important to report these side effects early to the healthcare team to manage them effectively. Understanding mutations has revolutionized cancer treatment, leading to therapies that target specific cancer cells and improve patient outcomes.

Ongoing research continues to enhance treatments and outcomes for lung cancer patients. New discoveries and advancements in genetic testing and targeted therapies offer hope for more effective and personalized treatment options. It is essential to discuss treatment options and potential side effects with your oncologist to make informed decisions about your care.

In summary, genetic testing plays a vital role in the management of lung cancer by identifying specific mutations and guiding treatment decisions. Targeted therapies, while effective, may have limitations, and alternative treatments like chemotherapy and immunotherapy are available. Continuous research and advancements in this field are paving the way for improved treatments and better outcomes for lung cancer patients. Always consult with your healthcare team to understand the best options for your individual case.