Living with pulmonary fibrosis: Immunosuppresent medication Methotrexate

This fact sheet has been designed to help people living with Pulmonary Fibrosis (PF) to understand more about the immunosuppressant medication, methotrexate.

Methotrexate is an immunosuppressant medication used to reduce inflammation in various conditions, including lung inflammation, which can lead to fibrosis if untreated. It is usually taken as a tablet once a week on the same day, with the dose potentially increasing over time. Regular blood tests are required to monitor its effects, typically monthly at first, then every three to four months. Methotrexate can also be administered as an injection under the skin, though this is less common.

Before starting methotrexate, inform your doctor about any allergies, other medications, and health conditions such as infections, kidney or liver disease, and blood disorders. Methotrexate should not be taken during pregnancy due to the risk of birth defects or miscarriage. It is important to discuss vaccination schedules with your doctor, as some vaccines should be avoided while on methotrexate. If you are planning surgery, including dental surgery, inform your doctor.

While taking methotrexate, avoid infections by practicing good hygiene and seek immediate treatment if you develop an infection. Use effective contraception during treatment and for a specified period after stopping the medication. Avoid alcohol or consult your doctor about safe consumption levels, as alcohol can increase the risk of liver damage. Your doctor may prescribe folic acid supplements to reduce gastrointestinal side effects and other potential issues. Be cautious with sun exposure and use sun protection to prevent skin reactions. Inform all healthcare providers about your methotrexate use before starting new medications or undergoing procedures.

Common side effects can include stomach problems, tiredness, muscle aches, skin reactions, and mild hair loss. Serious side effects, such as severe infections, liver or kidney issues, and allergic reactions, require immediate medical attention. Regular monitoring through blood tests and lung function tests is essential to track the medication’s impact and manage any side effects.