Lung cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in the lungs. It can be classified into two main categories: primary lung cancer and metastatic lung cancer.
The two primary types are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC is the most common, accounting for about 80-85% of cases, and includes subtypes like adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. SCLC, which accounts for about 10-15% of cases, is more aggressive and spreads more quickly. It is often associated with smoking and tends to be found in the central part of the lungs.
Metastatic lung cancer occurs when cancer cells from other parts of the body spread to the lungs. This process, known as metastasis, involves cancer cells traveling through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to form new tumours in the lungs. For example, breast cancer or colon cancer can metastasize to the lungs, but these tumours are still named after their original site (e.g., metastatic breast cancer in the lungs). Metastatic lung cancer indicates an advanced stage of cancer, often requiring systemic treatments like chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy to manage the disease.
Common symptoms of lung cancer include a persistent cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing up blood, and unexplained weight loss. Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests such as chest X-rays, CT scans, PET scans, and biopsies to confirm the presence and type of lung cancer.
Treatment for lung cancer depends on the type, stage, and overall health of the patient. Options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving survival rates and quality of life for lung cancer patients.
For more information and support, individuals can contact the Lung Foundation Australia’s Information and Support Centre at 1800 654 301 or visit their website. This resource provides access to specialist nurses, support groups, and educational materials to help manage the challenges of living with lung cancer and navigating the treatment process.
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